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Luta Livre is a complete Brazilian martial art, which is primarily a mixture of Catch wrestling and Judo. Luta Livre is a Brazilian-based martial art that was created by Euclydes Hatem.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RFT Deutschland - The development of Luta Livre and Vale Tudo in Brazil. Part II )〕 Euclydes Hatem went by the name of Tatu. It was designed in Rio de Janeiro and means "free fight" in Portuguese(cf. "freestyle wrestling") also known as Brazilian Wrestling, or Sport wrestling. There are also striking techniques with hands, feet, knees and elbows. The name "Luta" is Portuguese for "Fight" and "Livre" for "Free", roughly meaning "Free fighting".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Andyconda Luta Livre - the art of grappling and MMA - Luta-Livre brazilian Grappling and MMA )〕 There are two styles known as "Luta Livre Esportiva" and "Luta Livre Vale Tudo". Both styles are no-gi. Noticeable practitioners are Marco Ruas, Ebenezer Fontes Braga, Johil de Oliveira, Alexandre Franca Nogueira and Renato Sobral The competitive version is known as Luta Livre Esportiva, (Esportiva being Portuguese for "Sporting") [a complete martial art system which was designed in Rio de Janeiro.〔 Luta Livre is essentially a "no gi submission grappling". In Luta Livre Esportiva competitions, grappling techniques are the only techniques allowed to subdue the opponent.〔 Consequently, it is important to calmly strategize and execute one's moves.〔 This is a style of submission wrestling with the aim to force one's opponent to submit via armlock, leglock, choke or necklock or by points to win (i.e. takedowns, domination position). Punches, kicks and other "hard" techniques are not allowed as this is seen as more of a sport than an actual form of self-defense or fighting. Luta Livre T36 includes 36 Luta Livre skills for ending a real combat situation by chokes or locks on the opponents joints. It is a special program with a structured game plan for grappling, MMA and any kind of real combat situations like self-defense. Luta Livre Vale Tudo includes techniques in the clinch, as well as on the ground for Vale Tudo and other MMA-style fights. Here, punches and kicks are allowed. The ground fight and submission is still its strongest element. ==History== Luta Livre's founder is credited to be Euclydes "Tatu" Hatem, who was originally a catch wrestler. Euclydes Hatem went by the name of Tatu. () He began teaching catch wrestling techniques to others in Rio de Janeiro in 1927 while experimenting with some of his own innovative techniques.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=讛讗转专 讛专砖诪讬 砖诇 注诪讬转 讞讻讬诐 - The Founder - Tatu )〕 Tatu brought on many challenges with the Braziliian Jiujitsu and culminated with his victory over George Gracie. () The style emphasized fighting without a gi/uniform. () He received popularity when he submitted George Gracie in 1940 and when one of his students, Euclides Pereira defeated Carlson Gracie in 1968.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MMA History XVIII: The Losses of Luta Livre )〕 The system focused on ground fighting and submissions due to their importance in Vale Tudo matches. The groundfighting included the use of leg locks, which at the time was ignored by Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.〔 For years, Luta Livre was extremely popular in Brazil, second only to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. () Some of the famous fighters that came out of Luta Livre included William Porfirio.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=William )〕 In the 1970s Luta Livre was strongly influenced by father and son duo Fausto and Carlos Brunocilla. The Brunocilla were Tatu's pupils and were in turn responsible for graduating many Luta Livre Masters. Also around the 1970s, the art of Luta Livre was influenced by Roberto Leitão, a practitioner of judo and wrestling.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History Of Luta Livre & Reasons For Lack Of "Mainstream" Popularity )〕 Leitao also articulated the "Theory of Grappling", sometimes referred to as "Theory of Luta Livre".〔 Roberto Leitao was a University professor of Engineering who had devoted many years to Wrestling and Judo. Since he was of smaller physical stature than most athletes from the rowing club, Leitao had to prevail by technique, much like Royce Gracie did in UFC 1 with Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Leitao also chose to innovate techniques, stating in an interview that he would keep a notepad by his bedside and whenever he thought or dreamed of a certain technique, he would write it down and attempt it the next day. This helped Luta Livre became a more unique style of martial art. Luta Livre evolved and was brought to Germany in 1995 by Daniel D'Dane where he taught Luta Livre to a handful of people in Cologne and became a mentor to Andreas W. Schmidt.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=DSTRYRsg: Destroyer Submission Grappling and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu: DANIEL D'DANE AND HIS LUTA LIVRE INSTRUCTIONAL PART 1. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Luta Livre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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